A computer is an electronic machine that receives data (input), processes it, stores it, and produces results (output). It works in four basic steps known as the IPOS Cycle:

🔄 IPOS Model: Input – Process – Output – Storage

✅ 1. Input

• This is the first step, where data is entered into the computer using input devices.

• Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone

• 💬 Example: Typing a letter in MS Word or clicking on a website link.

⚙️ 2. Processing

• After receiving the input, the computer processes the data using the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

• The CPU is the “brain” of the computer. It performs all calculations and logical operations.

• The CPU has two main parts:

  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – does all math and logic

  • CU (Control Unit) – controls the operation of other parts

🖨️ 3. Output

• After processing, the computer shows the result using output devices.

• Example: Monitor displays the result, Printer prints it, Speakers play audio.

• 💬 Example: You type a letter, and it appears on the screen.

💾 4. Storage

• The data can be saved for future use in storage devices like:

  • Hard Drive

  • SSD (Solid State Drive)

  • USB Pen Drive

  • Cloud Storage (Google Drive, Dropbox)

• There are two types of storage:

  • Primary Storage: RAM (temporary)

  • Secondary Storage: Hard disk, SSD (permanent)

🔁 Example of How a Computer Works in Real Life:

Imagine you’re writing an email:

1. Input: You type the email using a keyboard.

2. Processing: The computer processes your keystrokes and runs the email software.

3. Output: The screen displays what you typed.

4. Storage: You click “Send” and the email is stored in the “Sent” folder.

🧠 Summary:

A computer works like a smart machine that follows instructions step-by-step:
Input → Processing → Output → Storage
This is how all digital tasks — from playing a video to sending a message — work inside a computer!